课程第7次

botang

删除/dev/sdb上的所有分区：

1. [root@station60 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/vol0-test
   
2. tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
   
3. Filesystem volume name:   <none>
   
4. Last mounted on:          <not available>
   
5. Filesystem UUID:          04631ed5-4009-42fe-a483-68d41bd8ba1e
   
6. Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
   
7. Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
   
8. Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype ng dir_nlink extra_isize
   
9. Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash
   
10. Default mount options:    user_xattr acl
    
11. Filesystem state:         clean
    
12. Errors behavior:          Continue
    
13. Filesystem OS type:       Linux
    
14. Inode count:              12288
    
15. Block count:              12288
    
16. Reserved block count:     614
    
17. Free blocks:              10865
    
18. Free inodes:              12277
    
19. First block:              0
    
20. Block size:               4096
    
21. Fragment size:            4096
    
22. Group descriptor size:    64
    
23. Reserved GDT blocks:      5
    
24. Blocks per group:         32768
    
25. Fragments per group:      32768
    
26. Inodes per group:         12288
    
27. Inode blocks per group:   384
    
28. Flex block group size:    16
    
29. Filesystem created:       Thu Apr 18 08:38:47 2019
    
30. Last mount time:          Thu Apr 18 08:39:54 2019
    
31. Last write time:          Thu Apr 18 08:39:54 2019
    
32. Mount count:              1
    
33. Maximum mount count:      -1
    
34. Last checked:             Thu Apr 18 08:38:47 2019
    
35. Check interval:           0 (<none>)
    
36. Lifetime writes:          4221 kB
    
37. Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
    
38. Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
    
39. First inode:              11
    
40. Inode size:               128
    
41. Journal inode:            8
    
42. Default directory hash:   half_md4
    
43. Directory Hash Seed:      cabd7b01-f8f7-453d-b349-4935e9eebd53
    
44. Journal backup:           inode blocks
    
45. [root@station60 ~]# clear
    
46. [root@station60 ~]# man fsck
    
47. [root@station60 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
    
48. major minor  #blocks  name
    
49. 
    
50.    8        0   20971520 sda
    
51.    8        1    1048576 sda1
    
52.    8        2   19921920 sda2
    
53.    8       16    1048576 sdb
    
54.    8       17     512000 sdb1
    
55.    8       20          1 sdb4
    
56.    8       21     534528 sdb5
    
57.   11        0    4391936 sr0
    
58. 253        0   17821696 dm-0
    
59. 253        1    2097152 dm-1
    
60. 253        2      49152 dm-2
    
61. 253        3      49152 dm-3
    
62. 253        4      32768 dm-4
    
63. 253        5      49152 dm-5
    
64. 253        6      32768 dm-6
    
65. 253        7      49152 dm-7
    
66. 253        8      65536 dm-8
    
67. [root@station60 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    
68. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
    
69. 
    
70. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    
71. Be careful before using the write command.
    
72. 
    
73. 
    
74. Command (m for help): p
    
75. 
    
76. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
    
77. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    
78. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
79. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
80. Disk label type: dos
    
81. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
    
82. 
    
83.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
84. /dev/sdb1            2048     1026047      512000   8e  Linux LVM
    
85. /dev/sdb4         1026048     2097151      535552    5  Extended
    
86. /dev/sdb5         1028096     2097151      534528   8e  Linux LVM
    
87. 
    
88. Command (m for help): q
    
89. 
    
90. [root@station60 ~]# df -Th
    
91. Filesystem             Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    
92. /dev/mapper/rhel-root  xfs        17G  3.7G   14G  22% /
    
93. devtmpfs               devtmpfs  894M     0  894M   0% /dev
    
94. tmpfs                  tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
    
95. tmpfs                  tmpfs     910M   11M  900M   2% /run
    
96. tmpfs                  tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    
97. /dev/sda1              xfs      1014M  178M  837M  18% /boot
    
98. tmpfs                  tmpfs     182M   12K  182M   1% /run/user/42
    
99. tmpfs                  tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
    
100. /dev/mapper/vol0-test2 xfs        61M  3.4M   58M   6% /b
     
101. /dev/mapper/vol0-test  ext4       43M   44K   40M   1% /a
     
102. [root@station60 ~]# pvs
     
103.   PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
     
104.   /dev/sda2  rhel lvm2 a--  <19.00g      0
     
105.   /dev/sdb1  vol0 lvm2 a--  496.00m 496.00m
     
106.   /dev/sdb5  vol0 lvm2 a--  512.00m 336.00m
     
107. [root@station60 ~]# lvs
     
108.   LV         VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
     
109.   root       rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                            
     
110.   swap       rhel -wi-ao----   2.00g                                            
     
111.   test       vol0 owi-aos---  48.00m                                            
     
112.   test2      vol0 -wi-ao----  64.00m                                            
     
113.   testsnap   vol0 sri-a-s---  32.00m      test   17.70                          
     
114.   testsnaprw vol0 swi-a-s---  32.00m      test   17.71                          
     
115. [root@station60 ~]# lvremove /dev/vol0/testsnaprw
     
116. Do you really want to remove active logical volume vol0/testsnaprw? [y/n]: y
     
117.   Logical volume "testsnaprw" successfully removed
     
118. [root@station60 ~]# lvremove /dev/vol0/testsnap
     
119. Do you really want to remove active logical volume vol0/testsnap? [y/n]: y
     
120.   Logical volume "testsnap" successfully removed
     
121. [root@station60 ~]# lvremove /dev/vol0/test
     
122.   Logical volume vol0/test contains a filesystem in use.
     
123. [root@station60 ~]# umount  /a/
     
124. [root@station60 ~]# umount  /b
     
125. [root@station60 ~]# lvremove /dev/vol0/test
     
126. Do you really want to remove active logical volume vol0/test? [y/n]: y
     
127.   Logical volume "test" successfully removed
     
128. [root@station60 ~]# lvremove /dev/vol0/test2
     
129. Do you really want to remove active logical volume vol0/test2? [y/n]: y
     
130.   Logical volume "test2" successfully removed
     
131. [root@station60 ~]# lvs
     
132.   LV   VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
     
133.   root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                  
     
134.   swap rhel -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                  
     
135. [root@station60 ~]# vgremove vol0
     
136.   Volume group "vol0" successfully removed
     
137. [root@station60 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1
     
138.   Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.
     
139. [root@station60 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb2
     
140.   Device /dev/sdb2 not found.
     
141. [root@station60 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
     
142. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
     
143. 
     
144. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
     
145. Be careful before using the write command.
     
146. 
     
147. 
     
148. Command (m for help): p
     
149. 
     
150. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
     
151. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
     
152. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
153. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
154. Disk label type: dos
     
155. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
     
156. 
     
157.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
     
158. /dev/sdb1            2048     1026047      512000   8e  Linux LVM
     
159. /dev/sdb4         1026048     2097151      535552    5  Extended
     
160. /dev/sdb5         1028096     2097151      534528   8e  Linux LVM
     
161. 
     
162. Command (m for help): d
     
163. Partition number (1,4,5, default 5): 4
     
164. Partition 4 is deleted
     
165. 
     
166. Command (m for help): p
     
167. 
     
168. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
     
169. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
     
170. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
171. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
172. Disk label type: dos
     
173. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
     
174. 
     
175.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
     
176. /dev/sdb1            2048     1026047      512000   8e  Linux LVM
     
177. 
     
178. Command (m for help): d
     
179. Selected partition 1
     
180. Partition 1 is deleted
     
181. 
     
182. Command (m for help): p
     
183. 
     
184. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
     
185. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
     
186. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
187. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
188. Disk label type: dos
     
189. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
     
190. 
     
191.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
     
192. 
     
193. Command (m for help):
     

复制代码

创建/dev/sdb上的分区：

1. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
   
2. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   
3. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   
4. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   
5. Disk label type: dos
   
6. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
   
7. 
   
8.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   
9. /dev/sdb1            2048       18431        8192   83  Linux
   
10. 
    
11. Command (m for help): n
    
12. Partition type:
    
13.    p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
    
14.    e   extended
    
15. Select (default p): e
    
16. Partition number (2-4, default 2):
    
17. First sector (18432-2097151, default 18432):
    
18. Using default value 18432
    
19. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (18432-2097151, default 2097151):
    
20. Using default value 2097151
    
21. Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 1015 MiB is set
    
22. 
    
23. Command (m for help): p
    
24. 
    
25. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
    
26. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    
27. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
28. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
29. Disk label type: dos
    
30. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
    
31. 
    
32.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
33. /dev/sdb1            2048       18431        8192   83  Linux
    
34. /dev/sdb2           18432     2097151     1039360    5  Extended
    
35. 
    
36. Command (m for help): n
    
37. Partition type:
    
38.    p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
    
39.    l   logical (numbered from 5)
    
40. Select (default p): l
    
41. Adding logical partition 5
    
42. First sector (20480-2097151, default 20480): 366932
    
43. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (366932-2097151, default 2097151): ^C
    
44. [root@station60 ~]#
    
45. [root@station60 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    
46. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
    
47. 
    
48. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    
49. Be careful before using the write command.
    
50. 
    
51. 
    
52. Command (m for help): n
    
53. Partition type:
    
54.    p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
    
55.    e   extended
    
56. Select (default p): p
    
57. Partition number (1-4, default 1):
    
58. First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
    
59. Using default value 2048
    
60. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +8M
    
61. Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 8 MiB is set
    
62. 
    
63. Command (m for help): n
    
64. Partition type:
    
65.    p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
    
66.    e   extended
    
67. Select (default p): e
    
68. Partition number (2-4, default 2):
    
69. First sector (18432-2097151, default 18432):
    
70. Using default value 18432
    
71. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (18432-2097151, default 2097151):
    
72. Using default value 2097151
    
73. Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 1015 MiB is set
    
74. 
    
75. Command (m for help): p
    
76. 
    
77. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
    
78. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    
79. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
80. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
81. Disk label type: dos
    
82. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
    
83. 
    
84.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
85. /dev/sdb1            2048       18431        8192   83  Linux
    
86. /dev/sdb2           18432     2097151     1039360    5  Extended
    
87. 
    
88. Command (m for help): n
    
89. Partition type:
    
90.    p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
    
91.    l   logical (numbered from 5)
    
92. Select (default p): l
    
93. Adding logical partition 5
    
94. First sector (20480-2097151, default 20480):
    
95. Using default value 20480
    
96. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20480-2097151, default 2097151): 366932
    
97. Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 169.2 MiB is set
    
98. 
    
99. Command (m for help): p
    
100. 
     
101. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
     
102. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
     
103. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
104. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
105. Disk label type: dos
     
106. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
     
107. 
     
108.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
     
109. /dev/sdb1            2048       18431        8192   83  Linux
     
110. /dev/sdb2           18432     2097151     1039360    5  Extended
     
111. /dev/sdb5           20480      366932      173226+  83  Linux
     
112. 
     
113. Command (m for help): n
     
114. Partition type:
     
115.    p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
     
116.    l   logical (numbered from 5)
     
117. Select (default p): l
     
118. Adding logical partition 6
     
119. First sector (368981-2097151, default 370688):
     
120. Using default value 370688
     
121. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (370688-2097151, default 2097151): 717140
     
122. Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 169.2 MiB is set
     
123. 
     
124. Command (m for help): p
     
125. 
     
126. Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
     
127. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
     
128. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
129. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
     
130. Disk label type: dos
     
131. Disk identifier: 0x7380aaa7
     
132. 
     
133.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
     
134. /dev/sdb1            2048       18431        8192   83  Linux
     
135. /dev/sdb2           18432     2097151     1039360    5  Extended
     
136. /dev/sdb5           20480      366932      173226+  83  Linux
     
137. /dev/sdb6          370688      717140      173226+  83  Linux
     
138. 
     
139. Command (m for help): w
     
140. The partition table has been altered!
     
141. 
     
142. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
     
143. Syncing disks.
     
144. [root@station60 ~]#
     

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硬链接：

1. [root@station60 ~]# mkdir labs3
   
2. [root@station60 ~]# cd labs
   
3. [root@station60 labs]# cd ..
   
4. [root@station60 ~]# cd labs3
   
5. [root@station60 labs3]# ls
   
6. [root@station60 labs3]# vim a.txt
   
7. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -i a.txt
   
8. 51627289 a.txt
   
9. [root@station60 labs3]# ln a.txt  b.txt
   
10. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -i
    
11. 51627289 a.txt  51627289 b.txt
    
12. [root@station60 labs3]# df -h
    
13. Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    
14. /dev/mapper/rhel-root   17G  3.8G   14G  23% /
    
15. devtmpfs               894M     0  894M   0% /dev
    
16. tmpfs                  910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
    
17. tmpfs                  910M   11M  900M   2% /run
    
18. tmpfs                  910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    
19. /dev/sda1             1014M  178M  837M  18% /boot
    
20. tmpfs                  182M   12K  182M   1% /run/user/42
    
21. tmpfs                  182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
    
22. [root@station60 labs3]# cd /boot
    
23. [root@station60 boot]# ls
    
24. config-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
    
25. efi
    
26. grub2
    
27. initramfs-0-rescue-2037a776203544ad8108492fccf583eb.img
    
28. initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
    
29. initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64kdump.img
    
30. symvers-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.gz
    
31. System.map-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
    
32. vmlinuz-0-rescue-2037a776203544ad8108492fccf583eb
    
33. vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
    
34. [root@station60 boot]# ln /root/labs3/a.txt  c.txt
    
35. ln: failed to create hard link ‘c.txt’ => ‘/root/labs3/a.txt’: Invalid cross-device link
    
36. [root@station60 boot]# cd
    
37. [root@station60 ~]# ls
    
38. anaconda-ks.cfg  Downloads             labs   Music     Templates
    
39. Desktop          file1.swp             labs2  Pictures  Videos
    
40. Documents        initial-setup-ks.cfg  labs3  Public
    
41. [root@station60 ~]# cd labs3/
    
42. [root@station60 labs3]# ls
    
43. a.txt  b.txt
    
44. [root@station60 labs3]# mkdir aa
    
45. [root@station60 labs3]# ln aa bb
    
46. ln: ‘aa’: hard link not allowed for directory
    
47. [root@station60 labs3]# ls
    
48. aa  a.txt  b.txt
    
49. [root@station60 labs3]# mkdir bb
    
50. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -id
    
51. 51620827 .
    
52. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -id  *
    
53.    81223 aa  51627289 a.txt  16783678 bb  51627289 b.txt
    
54. [root@station60 labs3]# mount --bind aa  bb
    
55. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -id *
    
56.    81223 aa  51627289 a.txt     81223 bb  51627289 b.txt
    
57. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -l
    
58. total 8
    
59. drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 18 09:21 aa
    
60. -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 9 Apr 18 09:19 a.txt
    
61. drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 18 09:21 bb
    
62. -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 9 Apr 18 09:19 b.txt
    
63. [root@station60 labs3]# 81223 ln a.txt  /usr/c.txt
    
64. bash: 81223: command not found...
    
65. [root@station60 labs3]#  ln a.txt  /usr/c.txt
    
66. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -i a.txt /usr/c.txt
    
67. 51627289 a.txt  51627289 /usr/c.txt
    
68. [root@station60 labs3]# ls -l
    
69. total 8
    
70. drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 18 09:21 aa
    
71. -rw-r--r--. 3 root root 9 Apr 18 09:19 a.txt
    
72. drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 18 09:21 bb
    
73. -rw-r--r--. 3 root root 9 Apr 18 09:19 b.txt
    
74. [root@station60 labs3]#
    

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