课程第31次

botang · 发表于 2019-12-14 08:47:12

第二个catalog:

select username from dba_users order by 1;
select * from dba_tablespaces;
select * from dba_data_files;
create tablespace winrcat datafile 'C:\APP\BOTANG\ORADATA\WINORCL\WINRCAT01.DBF' size 20M autoextend on;
create user winu76 identified by oracle_4U quota unlimited on winrcat;
alter user winu76 default tablespace winrcat;
grant recovery_catalog_owner to winu76;

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---------------------

RMAN> import catalog u76/oracle_4U@rcat dbid=1554722616

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------虚拟专用catalog:
1. 全新地创建基础catalog (winu76):

RMAN> drop catalog;
恢复目录所有者是U76
再输入一次 DROP CATALOG 命令来确认目录删除
RMAN> drop catalog;
恢复目录已删除
RMAN> create catalog;
恢复目录已创建
RMAN>

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2. 在winorcl上创建两个"小用户"，并授权:

create user vorcl identified by oracle_4U default tablespace winrcat quota unlimited on winrcat;
create user vrcat identified by oracle_4U default tablespace winrcat quota unlimited on winrcat;

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grant recovery_Catalog_owner to vorcl;
grant recovery_Catalog_owner to vrcat;

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3. 叫“小用户”去寻找“猎物”

grant recovery_Catalog_owner to vorcl;
grant recovery_Catalog_owner to vrcat;

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4. 创建虚拟catalog:

grant recovery_Catalog_owner to vorcl;
grant recovery_Catalog_owner to vrcat;

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-------

恢复管理器: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 12月 14 09:17:02 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
已连接到目标数据库: ORCL (DBID=1554722616)
连接到恢复目录数据库
RMAN> register database;
注册在恢复目录中的数据库
正在启动恢复目录的全部重新同步
完成全部重新同步
RMAN> exit
恢复管理器完成。
C:\Users\botang>rman target sys/oracle_4U@orcl catalog winu76/oracle_4U@winor
cl
恢复管理器: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 12月 14 09:17:36 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
已连接到目标数据库: ORCL (DBID=1554722616)
连接到恢复目录数据库
RMAN> exit
恢复管理器完成。
C:\Users\botang>rman target sys/oracle_4U@rcat catalog vrcat/oracle_4U@winorc
l

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Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
已连接到目标数据库: RCAT (DBID=786112668)
连接到恢复目录数据库
RMAN> register database;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: register 命令 (在 12/14/2019 09:19:21 上) 失败
RMAN-06428: 未安装恢复目录
RMAN> create virtual catalog;
找到 WINU76 所拥有的符合条件的基础目录
已针对 WINU76 所拥有的基础目录创建了虚拟目录
RMAN> register database;

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Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
已连接到目标数据库: RCAT (DBID=786112668)
连接到恢复目录数据库
RMAN> register database;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: register 命令 (在 12/14/2019 09:19:21 上) 失败
RMAN-06428: 未安装恢复目录
RMAN> create virtual catalog;
找到 WINU76 所拥有的符合条件的基础目录
已针对 WINU76 所拥有的基础目录创建了虚拟目录
RMAN> register database;

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----backup backupset force...用于转移备份集到磁带机：

RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1 94.51M DISK 00:00:00 2019-12-14:00:39:22
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/annnf0_1t_whole_incr0_0.514.1026952763
List of Archived Logs in backup set 1
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 6 968291 2019-12-13:21:40:51 979957 2019-12-13:22:00:22
1 7 979957 2019-12-13:22:00:22 982526 2019-12-13:22:00:34
1 8 982526 2019-12-13:22:00:34 994566 2019-12-14:00:39:20
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
2 Incr 0 1.02G DISK 00:00:07 2019-12-14:00:39:32
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/nnndn0_1t_whole_incr0_0.496.1026952765
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
2 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
3 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
4 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
3 Incr 0 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 2019-12-14:00:39:42
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/ncsnn0_1t_whole_incr0_0.483.1026952783
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-12-13:21:44:55
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 994608 Ckp time: 2019-12-14:00:39:40
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
4 8.00K DISK 00:00:00 2019-12-14:00:39:45
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/annnf0_1t_whole_incr0_0.277.1026952785
List of Archived Logs in backup set 4
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 9 994566 2019-12-14:00:39:20 994615 2019-12-14:00:39:43
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
5 Incr 1 576.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:26 2019-12-14:00:43:04
BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 06ujc3nu_1_1 Media: station76-000043
List of Datafiles in backup set 5
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
2 1 Incr 994915 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
3 1 Incr 994915 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
6 Incr 1 128.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:31 2019-12-14:00:43:09
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 05ujc3nu_1_1 Media: station76-000044
List of Datafiles in backup set 6
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 1 Incr 994914 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
4 1 Incr 994914 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
7 Incr 1 128.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:14 2019-12-14:00:43:28
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 08ujc3p2_1_1 Media: station76-000044
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-12-13:21:44:55
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
8 Incr 1 9.38M SBT_TAPE 00:00:24 2019-12-14:00:43:37
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 07ujc3p1_1_1 Media: station76-000043
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 994943 Ckp time: 2019-12-14:00:43:13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
9 Full 1.30M DISK 00:00:00 2019-12-14:02:02:13
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 3D_USERS_FULL
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/nnndf0_3d_users_full_0.484.1026957733
List of Datafiles in backup set 9
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
4 Full 1000280 2019-12-14:02:02:13 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
RMAN> backup backupset 9 delete input force;
Starting backup at 2019-12-14:02:02:57
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=75 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: SID=141 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: Oracle Secure Backup
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: input backup set: count=9, stamp=1026957733, piece=1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:03:00
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup piece +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/nnndf0_3d_users_full_0.484.1026957733
piece handle=09ujc8d5_1_2 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:03:15
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=+FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/nnndf0_3d_users_full_0.484.1026957733 RECID=9 STAMP=1026957733
Finished backup at 2019-12-14:02:03:15
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 8 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARMS 'ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=station76)';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARMS 'ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=station76)';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1 94.51M DISK 00:00:00 2019-12-14:00:39:22
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/annnf0_1t_whole_incr0_0.514.1026952763
List of Archived Logs in backup set 1
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 6 968291 2019-12-13:21:40:51 979957 2019-12-13:22:00:22
1 7 979957 2019-12-13:22:00:22 982526 2019-12-13:22:00:34
1 8 982526 2019-12-13:22:00:34 994566 2019-12-14:00:39:20
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
2 Incr 0 1.02G DISK 00:00:07 2019-12-14:00:39:32
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/nnndn0_1t_whole_incr0_0.496.1026952765
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
2 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
3 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
4 0 Incr 994598 2019-12-14:00:39:25 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
3 Incr 0 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 2019-12-14:00:39:42
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/ncsnn0_1t_whole_incr0_0.483.1026952783
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-12-13:21:44:55
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 994608 Ckp time: 2019-12-14:00:39:40
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
4 8.00K DISK 00:00:00 2019-12-14:00:39:45
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_INCR0
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2019_12_14/annnf0_1t_whole_incr0_0.277.1026952785
List of Archived Logs in backup set 4
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 9 994566 2019-12-14:00:39:20 994615 2019-12-14:00:39:43
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
5 Incr 1 576.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:26 2019-12-14:00:43:04
BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 06ujc3nu_1_1 Media: station76-000043
List of Datafiles in backup set 5
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
2 1 Incr 994915 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
3 1 Incr 994915 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
6 Incr 1 128.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:31 2019-12-14:00:43:09
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 05ujc3nu_1_1 Media: station76-000044
List of Datafiles in backup set 6
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 1 Incr 994914 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
4 1 Incr 994914 2019-12-14:00:42:38 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
7 Incr 1 128.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:14 2019-12-14:00:43:28
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 08ujc3p2_1_1 Media: station76-000044
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-12-13:21:44:55
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
8 Incr 1 9.38M SBT_TAPE 00:00:24 2019-12-14:00:43:37
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 2T_WHOLE_INCR1
Handle: 07ujc3p1_1_1 Media: station76-000043
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 994943 Ckp time: 2019-12-14:00:43:13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
9 Full 1.30M SBT_TAPE 00:00:00 2019-12-14:02:02:13
BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 3D_USERS_FULL
Handle: 09ujc8d5_1_2 Media: station76-000044
List of Datafiles in backup set 9
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
4 Full 1000280 2019-12-14:02:02:13 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
RMAN>

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-----如果反过来，要把磁带机里的东西转移到磁盘，就是镜像拷贝格式：

RMAN> run {
2> set newname for datafile 4 to '/home/oracle/FROM_SBT/users.dbf';
3> restore datafile 4 from tag '3D_USERS_FULL';
4> }
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 2019-12-14:02:08:17
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=75 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=198 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=17 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=77 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_5
channel ORA_DISK_5: SID=132 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_6
channel ORA_DISK_6: SID=191 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_7
channel ORA_DISK_7: SID=18 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_8
channel ORA_DISK_8: SID=76 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=142 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: SID=203 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: Oracle Secure Backup
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oracle/FROM_SBT/users.dbf
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: reading from backup piece 09ujc8d5_1_2

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RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- -------------------
1 4 A 2019-12-14:02:08:38 1000280 2019-12-14:02:02:13
Name: /home/oracle/FROM_SBT/users.dbf
RMAN>

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------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
备份策略：
12.14：

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO recovery window of 1 days;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> backup tag '1T_WHOLE_FULL' database;
Starting backup at 2019-12-14:02:15:57
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_2
released channel: ORA_DISK_3
released channel: ORA_DISK_4
released channel: ORA_DISK_5
released channel: ORA_DISK_6
released channel: ORA_DISK_7
released channel: ORA_DISK_8
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=203 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: SID=76 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: Oracle Secure Backup
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:15:59
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:15:59
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:16:24
piece handle=0aujc96u_1_1 tag=1T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:16:25
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:16:32
piece handle=0bujc96v_1_1 tag=1T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:33
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:16:32
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:16:47
piece handle=0cujc97o_1_1 tag=1T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-14:02:16:47
piece handle=0dujc980_1_1 tag=1T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 2019-12-14:02:16:47
RMAN>

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1T Finished backup at 2019-12-14:02:16:47

[root@station76 stage]# date -s "Sat Dec 15 02:17:00 CST 2019"
Sun Dec 15 02:17:00 CST 2019

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[oracle@station76 FROM_SBT]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Dec 15 02:20:00 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1554722616)
RMAN> backup tag '2T_WHOLE_FULL' database;
Starting backup at 2019-12-15:02:20:18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=80 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: SID=200 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: Oracle Secure Backup
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-15:02:20:21
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-15:02:20:21

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2T： Finished backup at 2019-12-15:02:21:32

没有什么东西过时：

RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 1 days
Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set 13 2019-12-14:02:16:47
Backup Piece 14 2019-12-14:02:16:47 0dujc980_1_1
RMAN> list backupset 13; \
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
13 Full 128.00K SBT_TAPE 00:00:15 2019-12-14:02:16:47
BP Key: 14 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: 1T_WHOLE_FULL
Handle: 0dujc980_1_1 Media: station76-000046
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-12-13:21:44:55
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL

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过一天（但是不够24H）：

[root@station76 stage]# date -s ""Sat Dec 15 23:59:00 CST 2019"

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过一天（够24H）：

RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 1 days
Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set 10 2019-12-14:02:16:22
Backup Piece 11 2019-12-14:02:16:22 0aujc96u_1_1
Backup Set 11 2019-12-14:02:16:29
Backup Piece 12 2019-12-14:02:16:29 0bujc96v_1_1
Backup Set 12 2019-12-14:02:16:40
Backup Piece 13 2019-12-14:02:16:40 0cujc97o_1_1
Backup Set 13 2019-12-14:02:16:47
Backup Piece 14 2019-12-14:02:16:47 0dujc980_1_1
RMAN> exit

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RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 1 days
Report of files that must be backed up to satisfy 1 days recovery window
File Days Name
---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
RMAN>

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再过一天（但是不够24H）：

[root@station76 stage]# date -s "Sat Dec 16 23:59:00 CST 2019"

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RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 1 days
Report of files that must be backed up to satisfy 1 days recovery window
File Days Name
---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
1 2 +DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
2 2 +DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
3 2 +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
4 2 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797

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---备份优化：
12.17

alter tablespace users read only;

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RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION on;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

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RMAN> backup tag '3T_WHOLE_FULL' database;
Starting backup at 2019-12-17:00:06:34
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=138 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: SID=205 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: Oracle Secure Backup
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-17:00:06:35
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-17:00:06:35

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3T： Finished backup at 2019-12-17:00:07:30

4T不会再备份users，（如果4T 加上force会包括users： backup tag '4T_WHOLE_FULL' database force）

[root@station76 stage]# date -s "Tue Dec 17 23:50:00 CST 2019"
Tue Dec 17 23:50:00 CST 2019

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RMAN> backup tag '4T_WHOLE_FULL' database;
Starting backup at 2019-12-17:23:50:23
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=19 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: SID=138 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: Oracle Secure Backup
skipping datafile 4; already backed up 1 time(s)
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:50:26
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:50:26
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:51:01
piece handle=0mujmi62_1_1 tag=4T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:51:02
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:51:05
piece handle=0nujmi62_1_1 tag=4T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:39
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:51:05
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:51:20
piece handle=0pujmi79_1_1 tag=4T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-17:23:51:30
piece handle=0oujmi75_1_1 tag=4T_WHOLE_FULL comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:28
Finished backup at 2019-12-17:23:51:30
RMAN>

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但是再过一天（但是不够24H）：5T、6T等等会重新备份users

[root@station76 stage]# date -s "Tue Dec 17 23:59:00 CST 2019"
Tue Dec 17 23:59:00 CST 2019

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RMAN> backup tag '6T_WHOLE_FULL' database;
Starting backup at 2019-12-18:00:01:10
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:01:10
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:01:10

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加上exclude ，可以人为不不备份

RMAN> configure exclude for tablespace users;
Tablespace USERS will be excluded from future whole database backups
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show exclude;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE 'USERS';
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 8 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARMS 'ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=station76)';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARMS 'ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=station76)';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE 'USERS';
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN> backup tag '7T_WHOLE_FULL' database;
Starting backup at 2019-12-18:00:04:27
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
file 4 is excluded from whole database backup
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.283.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:04:28
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.282.1026941797
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.281.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:04:28

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增量备份记录段数：

RMAN> backup tag '10T_USERS_INCR1' incremental level 1 tablespace users;
Starting backup at 2019-12-18:00:40:09
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:40:09
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:40:24
piece handle=18ujml39_1_1 tag=10T_USERS_INCR1 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 2019-12-18:00:40:24
RMAN> report need backup incremental 0;
Report of files that need more than 0 incrementals during recovery
File Incrementals Name
---- ------------ ----------------------------------------------
4 1 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
RMAN> report need backup incremental 1;
Report of files that need more than 1 incrementals during recovery
File Incrementals Name
---- ------------ ----------------------------------------------
RMAN> backup tag '11T_USERS_INCR1' incremental level 1 tablespace users;
Starting backup at 2019-12-18:00:41:02
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:41:02
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:41:17
piece handle=19ujml4u_1_1 tag=11T_USERS_INCR1 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 2019-12-18:00:41:17
RMAN> report need backup incremental 1;
Report of files that need more than 1 incrementals during recovery
File Incrementals Name
---- ------------ ----------------------------------------------
4 2 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
RMAN> backup tag '12T_USERS_INCR1' incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
Starting backup at 2019-12-18:00:41:54
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:41:54
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-12-18:00:42:19
piece handle=1aujml6i_1_1 tag=12T_USERS_INCR1 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 10.4.0.4
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 2019-12-18:00:42:19
RMAN> report need backup incremental 1;
Report of files that need more than 1 incrementals during recovery
File Incrementals Name
---- ------------ ----------------------------------------------
RMAN> report need backup incremental 0;
Report of files that need more than 0 incrementals during recovery
File Incrementals Name
---- ------------ ----------------------------------------------
4 1 +DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
RMAN>

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---------
磁带机份数备份，要开异步IO：

RMAN> backup tag '13T_USERS_INCR1' incremental level 1 copies 2 tablespace users;
Starting backup at 2019-12-18:00:45:30
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_2
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.265.1026941797
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_SBT_TAPE_1 channel at 12/18/2019 00:45:30
ORA-19565: BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES not enabled when duplexing to sequential devices

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--------

ob> lsvol -L lib01 -l
Inventory of library lib01:
in 1: volume station76-000045, barcode E01001L4, oid 324, full, content manages reuse
in 2: volume station76-000046, barcode E01002L4, oid 325, full, content manages reuse
in 3: volume station76-000047, barcode E01003L4, oid 326, full, content manages reuse
in 4: volume station76-000048, barcode E01004L4, oid 327, 110592 kb remaining, content manages reuse
in 5: volume station76-000049, barcode E01005L4, oid 328, full, content manages reuse
in 6: volume station76-000050, barcode E01006L4, oid 329, 338944 kb remaining, content manages reuse
in 7: vacant
in 8: vacant
in 9: barcode E01009L4, oid 315, 510976 kb remaining
in 10: barcode E01010L4, oid 317, 510976 kb remaining
in 11: barcode E01011L4, oid 110
in 12: barcode E01012L4, oid 111
in 13: barcode E01013L4, oid 112
in 14: barcode E01014L4, oid 113
in 15: barcode E01015L4, oid 114
in 16: barcode E01016L4, oid 115
in 17: barcode E01017L4, oid 116
in 18: barcode E01018L4, oid 117
in 19: barcode E01019L4, oid 118
in 20: barcode E01020L4, oid 119
in 21: vacant
in 22: barcode CLN101L4, oid 120
in 23: barcode CLN102L5, oid 121
in 24: vacant
in 25: vacant
in 26: vacant
in 27: vacant
in 28: vacant
in 29: vacant
in 30: barcode F01030L5, oid 122
in 31: barcode F01031L5, oid 123
in 32: barcode F01032L5, oid 124
in 33: barcode F01033L5, oid 125
in 34: barcode F01034L5, oid 126
in 35: barcode F01035L5, oid 127
in 36: barcode F01036L5, oid 128
in 37: barcode F01037L5, oid 129
in 38: barcode F01038L5, oid 130
in 39: barcode F01039L5, oid 131
in iee1: vacant
in iee2: vacant
in iee3: vacant
in iee4: vacant
in dte1: vacant
in dte2: vacant
in dte3: volume RMAN-DEFAULT-000013, barcode E01007L4, oid 330, content manages reuse, lastse 7
in dte4: volume RMAN-DEFAULT-000014, barcode E01008L4, oid 331, content manages reuse, lastse 8
ob>

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