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【博客文章2026】MySQL 9.x数据库管理技巧---给初学者的建议1

2026-3-6 17:16| 发布者: admin| 查看: 17| 评论: 0|原作者: Bo Tang

摘要: 本系列博客旨在带领初学者学习MySQL 9.x数据库。系列1主要内容是：通过在Redhat Enterprise Linux 8.x/Oracle Enterprise Linux 8.x操作系统上安装MySQL 9.6的rpm包的方式来获取环境。从log-error中的mysqld.log获取初始密码，并修改初始密码。最后加固MySQL 9.6数据库。

Author: Bo Tang

1. 下载MySQL 9.6 RPM包：

以Redhat Enterprise Linux 8.x/Oracle Enterprise Linux 8.x作为操作系统为例，下载相应的MySQL 9.6安装包：

[root@station95 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-9.6/mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

--2026-03-07 06:23:04-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-9.6/mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 184.50.187.187, 2600:1417:76:589::2e31, 2600:1417:76:58b::2e31

Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|184.50.187.187|:443... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily

Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-9.6/mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [following]

--2026-03-07 06:23:06-- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-9.6/mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.49.112.119, 2600:1417:76:588::1d68, 2600:1417:76:580::1d68

Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.49.112.119|:443... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 1132912640 (1.1G) [application/x-tar]

Saving to: ‘mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar’

mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 100%[============================================================================>] 1.05G 4.54MB/s in 4m 7s

2026-03-07 06:27:14 (4.37 MB/s) - ‘mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar’ saved [1132912640/1132912640]

如果适用，卸载操作系统自带的Mariadb：

[root@station95 ~]# yum list mariadb

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 2:02:47 ago on Fri 06 Mar 2026 05:03:13 AM CST.

Available Packages

mariadb.x86_64 3:10.3.17-1.module+el8.1.0+3974+90eded84 AppStream

[root@station95 ~]# yum module disable mariadb

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 2:03:12 ago on Fri 06 Mar 2026 05:03:13 AM CST.

Dependencies resolved.

=========================================================================================================

Package Architecture Version Repository Size

=========================================================================================================

Disabling modules:

mariadb

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================================

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Complete!

[root@station95 ~]# yum list mariadb

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 2:03:23 ago on Fri 06 Mar 2026 05:03:13 AM CST.

Error: No matching Packages to list

[root@station95 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*

如果适用，卸载操作系统自带的MySQL 8.x：

[root@station95 ~]# yum list "mysql*"

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 1:13:12 ago on Sat 07 Mar 2026 05:14:02 AM CST.

Installed Packages

mysql.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream

mysql-common.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream

mysql-errmsg.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream

mysql-server.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream

Available Packages

mysql-devel.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 AppStream

mysql-libs.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 AppStream

mysql-test.x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 AppStream

[root@station95 ~]# yum remove "mysql*"

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Dependencies resolved.

========================================================================================================

Package Architecture Version Repository Size

========================================================================================================

Removing:

mysql x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream 62 M

mysql-common x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream 584 k

mysql-errmsg x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream 8.2 M

mysql-server x86_64 8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494 @AppStream 108 M

Removing unused dependencies:

mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.0.7-1.el8 @AppStream 497

mecab x86_64 0.996-1.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de.9 @AppStream 2.2 M

protobuf-lite x86_64 3.5.0-13.el8 @AppStream 450 k

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================================

Remove 7 Packages

Freed space: 182 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

Preparing : 1/1

Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 1/1

Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 1/7

Erasing : mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 1/7

Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 1/7

Erasing : mysql-errmsg-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 2/7

Erasing : mysql-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 3/7

Erasing : mysql-common-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 4/7

Erasing : mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch 5/7

Erasing : mecab-0.996-1.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de.9.x86_64 6/7

Running scriptlet: mecab-0.996-1.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de.9.x86_64 6/7

Erasing : protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.el8.x86_64 7/7

Running scriptlet: protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.el8.x86_64 7/7

Verifying : mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch 1/7

Verifying : mecab-0.996-1.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de.9.x86_64 2/7

Verifying : mysql-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 3/7

Verifying : mysql-common-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 4/7

Verifying : mysql-errmsg-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 5/7

Verifying : mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 6/7

Verifying : protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.el8.x86_64 7/7

Installed products updated.

Removed:

mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch mecab-0.996-1.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de.9.x86_64

mysql-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 mysql-common-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64

mysql-errmsg-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64 mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module+el8.2.0+7855+47abd494.x86_64

protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.el8.x86_64

Complete!

[root@station95 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*

安装MySQL Server 9.x：

[root@station95 ~]# tar xvf mysql-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

mysql-community-client-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-client-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-client-plugins-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-common-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-debugsource-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-devel-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-icu-data-files-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-compat-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-debug-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-test-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-test-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

[root@station95 ~]# yum install *.rpm

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 1:15:30 ago on Sat 07 Mar 2026 05:14:02 AM CST.

Dependencies resolved.

========================================================================================================

Package Architecture Version Repository Size

========================================================================================================

Installing:

mysql-community-client x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 15 M

mysql-community-client-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 30 M

mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 5.7 M

mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 5.5 M

mysql-community-common x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 726 k

mysql-community-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 9.1 M

mysql-community-debugsource x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 20 M

mysql-community-devel x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 8.5 M

mysql-community-icu-data-files x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 2.3 M

mysql-community-libs x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 1.5 M

mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 1.5 M

mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 2.8 M

mysql-community-libs-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 2.7 M

mysql-community-server x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 64 M

mysql-community-server-debug x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 25 M

mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 168 M

mysql-community-server-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 262 M

mysql-community-test x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 427 M

mysql-community-test-debuginfo x86_64 9.6.0-1.el8 @commandline 30 M

Installing dependencies:

keyutils-libs-devel x86_64 1.5.10-6.el8 BaseOS 48 k

krb5-devel x86_64 1.18.2-5.el8 BaseOS 558 k

libcom_err-devel x86_64 1.45.6-1.el8 BaseOS 38 k

libkadm5 x86_64 1.18.2-5.el8 BaseOS 185 k

libselinux-devel x86_64 2.9-3.el8 BaseOS 199 k

libsepol-devel x86_64 2.9-1.el8 BaseOS 86 k

libverto-devel x86_64 0.3.0-5.el8 BaseOS 18 k

openssl-devel x86_64 1:1.1.1g-11.el8 BaseOS 2.3 M

pcre2-devel x86_64 10.32-2.el8 BaseOS 605 k

pcre2-utf16 x86_64 10.32-2.el8 BaseOS 229 k

pcre2-utf32 x86_64 10.32-2.el8 BaseOS 220 k

perl-JSON noarch 2.97.001-2.el8 AppStream 96 k

perl-Memoize noarch 1.03-416.el8 AppStream 118 k

perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 1.9758-1.el8 AppStream 61 k

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================================

Install 33 Packages

Total size: 1.1 G

Total download size: 4.7 M

Installed size: 4.2 G

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/14): keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.10-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 4.7 MB/s | 48 kB 00:00

(2/14): libcom_err-devel-1.45.6-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.8 MB/s | 38 kB 00:00

(3/14): libkadm5-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64.rpm 16 MB/s | 185 kB 00:00

(4/14): krb5-devel-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64.rpm 18 MB/s | 558 kB 00:00

(5/14): libsepol-devel-2.9-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.8 MB/s | 86 kB 00:00

(6/14): libselinux-devel-2.9-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 8.8 MB/s | 199 kB 00:00

(7/14): libverto-devel-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.7 MB/s | 18 kB 00:00

(8/14): pcre2-devel-10.32-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 20 MB/s | 605 kB 00:00

(9/14): pcre2-utf16-10.32-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.1 MB/s | 229 kB 00:00

(10/14): pcre2-utf32-10.32-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 19 MB/s | 220 kB 00:00

(11/14): perl-JSON-2.97.001-2.el8.noarch.rpm 6.4 MB/s | 96 kB 00:00

(12/14): perl-Memoize-1.03-416.el8.noarch.rpm 16 MB/s | 118 kB 00:00

(13/14): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9758-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.7 MB/s | 61 kB 00:00

(14/14): openssl-devel-1.1.1g-11.el8.x86_64.rpm 27 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:00

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 37 MB/s | 4.7 MB 00:00

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

Preparing : 1/1

Installing : mysql-community-debugsource-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 1/33

Installing : mysql-community-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 2/33

Installing : mysql-community-common-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 3/33

Installing : mysql-community-client-plugins-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 4/33

Installing : mysql-community-libs-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 5/33

Running scriptlet: mysql-community-libs-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 5/33

Installing : mysql-community-client-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 6/33

Installing : mysql-community-icu-data-files-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 7/33

Running scriptlet: mysql-community-server-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 8/33

Installing : mysql-community-server-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 8/33

Running scriptlet: mysql-community-server-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 8/33

Installing : perl-Time-HiRes-1.9758-1.el8.x86_64 9/33

Installing : perl-Memoize-1.03-416.el8.noarch 10/33

Installing : perl-JSON-2.97.001-2.el8.noarch 11/33

Installing : pcre2-utf32-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 12/33

Installing : pcre2-utf16-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 13/33

Installing : pcre2-devel-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 14/33

Installing : libverto-devel-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64 15/33

Installing : libsepol-devel-2.9-1.el8.x86_64 16/33

Installing : libselinux-devel-2.9-3.el8.x86_64 17/33

Installing : libkadm5-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64 18/33

Installing : libcom_err-devel-1.45.6-1.el8.x86_64 19/33

Installing : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.10-6.el8.x86_64 20/33

Installing : krb5-devel-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64 21/33

Installing : openssl-devel-1:1.1.1g-11.el8.x86_64 22/33

Installing : mysql-community-devel-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 23/33

Installing : mysql-community-test-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 24/33

Installing : mysql-community-server-debug-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 25/33

Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 26/33

Running scriptlet: mysql-community-libs-compat-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 26/33

Installing : mysql-community-client-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 27/33

Installing : mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 28/33

Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 29/33

Installing : mysql-community-libs-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 30/33

Installing : mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 31/33

Installing : mysql-community-server-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 32/33

Installing : mysql-community-test-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 33/33

Running scriptlet: mysql-community-test-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 33/33

Verifying : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.10-6.el8.x86_64 1/33

Verifying : krb5-devel-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64 2/33

Verifying : libcom_err-devel-1.45.6-1.el8.x86_64 3/33

Verifying : libkadm5-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64 4/33

Verifying : libselinux-devel-2.9-3.el8.x86_64 5/33

Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.9-1.el8.x86_64 6/33

Verifying : libverto-devel-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64 7/33

Verifying : openssl-devel-1:1.1.1g-11.el8.x86_64 8/33

Verifying : pcre2-devel-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 9/33

Verifying : pcre2-utf16-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 10/33

Verifying : pcre2-utf32-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 11/33

Verifying : perl-JSON-2.97.001-2.el8.noarch 12/33

Verifying : perl-Memoize-1.03-416.el8.noarch 13/33

Verifying : perl-Time-HiRes-1.9758-1.el8.x86_64 14/33

Verifying : mysql-community-client-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 15/33

Verifying : mysql-community-client-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 16/33

Verifying : mysql-community-client-plugins-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 17/33

Verifying : mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 18/33

Verifying : mysql-community-common-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 19/33

Verifying : mysql-community-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 20/33

Verifying : mysql-community-debugsource-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 21/33

Verifying : mysql-community-devel-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 22/33

Verifying : mysql-community-icu-data-files-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 23/33

Verifying : mysql-community-libs-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 24/33

Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 25/33

Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 26/33

Verifying : mysql-community-libs-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 27/33

Verifying : mysql-community-server-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 28/33

Verifying : mysql-community-server-debug-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 29/33

Verifying : mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 30/33

Verifying : mysql-community-server-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 31/33

Verifying : mysql-community-test-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 32/33

Verifying : mysql-community-test-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 33/33

Installed products updated.

Installed:

keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.10-6.el8.x86_64 krb5-devel-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64

libcom_err-devel-1.45.6-1.el8.x86_64 libkadm5-1.18.2-5.el8.x86_64

libselinux-devel-2.9-3.el8.x86_64 libsepol-devel-2.9-1.el8.x86_64

libverto-devel-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-client-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-client-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-client-plugins-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-common-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-debugsource-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-devel-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-icu-data-files-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-libs-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-compat-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-server-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-server-debug-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-server-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

mysql-community-test-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64 mysql-community-test-debuginfo-9.6.0-1.el8.x86_64

openssl-devel-1:1.1.1g-11.el8.x86_64 pcre2-devel-10.32-2.el8.x86_64

pcre2-utf16-10.32-2.el8.x86_64 pcre2-utf32-10.32-2.el8.x86_64

perl-JSON-2.97.001-2.el8.noarch perl-Memoize-1.03-416.el8.noarch

perl-Time-HiRes-1.9758-1.el8.x86_64

Complete!

2. 启动MySQL Server 9.6：

[root@station95 mysql9.6]# systemctl start mysqld

3. 查看my.cnf确定datadir和log-error分别在哪里：

[root@station95 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/9.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging

# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by

# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog

# disable_log_bin

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

datadir里的内容：

[root@station95 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql

[root@station95 mysql]# ls

auto.cnf ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_buffer_pool '#innodb_redo' mysql.ibd mysql_upgrade_history public_key.pem sys

binlog.000001 ca.pem '#ib_16384_0.dblwr' ibdata1 '#innodb_temp' mysql.sock performance_schema server-cert.pem undo_001

binlog.index client-cert.pem '#ib_16384_1.dblwr' ibtmp1 mysql mysql.sock.lock private_key.pem server-key.pem undo_002

每个数据库都有一个同名的目录。

log-error里的内容：

[root@station95 log]# ls -l mysqld.log

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1891 Mar 7 06:35 mysqld.log

4. 从log-error中的mysqld.log获取初始密码：

[root@station95 log]# cat mysqld.log

2026-03-06T22:35:13.328953Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.

2026-03-06T22:35:13.344370Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 9.6.0) initializing of server in progress as process 4011978

2026-03-06T22:35:13.379831Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.

2026-03-06T22:35:13.743649Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.

2026-03-06T22:35:16.407516Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: .J%R2)Oe33wt

2026-03-06T22:35:19.599937Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.

2026-03-06T22:35:19.698042Z 0 [System] [MY-015015] [Server] MySQL Server - start.

2026-03-06T22:35:20.165601Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 9.6.0) starting as process 4012016

2026-03-06T22:35:20.165638Z 0 [System] [MY-015590] [Server] MySQL Server has access to 8 logical CPUs.

2026-03-06T22:35:20.165657Z 0 [System] [MY-015590] [Server] MySQL Server has access to 117945032704 bytes of physical memory.

2026-03-06T22:35:20.187364Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.

2026-03-06T22:35:20.567259Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.

2026-03-06T22:35:21.164685Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.

2026-03-06T22:35:21.164780Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.

2026-03-06T22:35:21.221912Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock

2026-03-06T22:35:21.222003Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '9.6.0' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.

修改初始密码：

[root@station95 log]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 12

Server version: 9.6.0

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'oracle_4U';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.015 sec)

5. 加固：

[root@station95 ~]# mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:

The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server.

The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration

of the component.

Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

... skipping.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,

allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have

a user account created for them. This is intended only for

testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.

You should remove them before moving into a production

environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from

'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at

the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that

anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,

and should be removed before moving into a production

environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

- Dropping test database...

Success.

- Removing privileges on test database...

Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes

made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Success.

All done!

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